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Bridging
4-2 Bridging Basics
About Transparent Bridging
Transparent bridges are most common in Ethernet networks. Individual
Transparent bridges monitor packet trafÞc on attached network segments to learn
where end stations reside in relation to each segment by mapping the Source
Address of each received frame to the port (and segment) it was detected on. This
information gets stored in the bridgeÕs Filtering Database.
When in the Forwarding state, the bridge compares a packetÕs destination address
to the information in the Filtering Database to determine if the packet should be
forwarded to another network segment or Þltered (i.e., not forwarded). A bridge
Þlters a packet if it determines that the packetÕs destination address exists on the
same side of the bridge as the source address.
If two or more bridges are connected to the same Ethernet LAN segmentÑplaced
in parallelÑonly a single bridge must be allowed to forward data frames onto
that segment. If two or more bridges were forwarding data frames onto the same
Ethernet segment, the network would soon be ßooded.
With a data loop in the topology, bridges would erroneously associate a single
source address with multiple bridge ports, and keep proliferating data by
forwarding packets in response to the ever-changing (but incorrect) information
stored in their Filtering Database.
To avoid such data storms, Transparent bridges communicate with one another
on the network by exchanging Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) to determine
the network topology and collectively implement a Spanning Tree Algorithm
(STA) that selects a controlling bridge for each LAN segment; this ensures that
only a single data route exists between any two end stations and that topology
information remains current.
About Source Route Bridging
Source Routing is typically used to connect two or more Token Ring network
segments. Source Route bridges differ from Transparent bridges in that they do
not build and then use a physical address database to make forwarding decisions.
Instead, the source end station transmits packets with a header that contains
routing information (added by bridges in the network topology during a route
discovery process between end stations); once a route has been determined, a
Source Route bridge simply reads the header of a source routed packet to
determine whether it is a participant in routing the packet.
In Source Routing, sending and receiving devices employ broadcast
packetsÑknown as explorer packetsÑto determine the most efÞcient route for a
message to travel. Generally, before a station sends a message, it will Þrst send a
test packet to all stations on the same ring; if the sending station receives a
response to this packet, it assumes that the destination station is on the same ring
and therefore it will not include routing information in frames sent to that station
in the future. Any further packets issued between stations will appear to be
transparent-style frames without embedded routing information.
- CSX200 and CSX400 1
- User’s Guide 1
- Virus Disclaimer 3
- Restricted Rights Notice 5
- Chapter 4 Bridging 8
- Contents 10
- Introduction 11
- HSIM-W6 and HSIM-W84 12
- Related Manuals 13
- Software Conventions 14
- Using the Mouse 15
- Using Window Buttons 16
- Getting Help 17
- CSX200 and CSX400 Firmware 18
- CSX200 and 400 Chassis View 19
- Viewing Chassis Information 20
- Front Panel Information 21
- Menu Structure 22
- The Chassis Manager Window 27
- Viewing Hardware Types 28
- Managing the Device 29
- 2-12 Managing the Device 30
- Managing the Device 2-13 31
- 2-14 Managing the Device 32
- Managing the Device 2-15 33
- 2-16 Managing the Device 34
- Managing the Device 2-17 35
- (Received only) 35
- (Received only) 35
- (Transmit only) 35
- Enabling and Disabling Ports 36
- Managing the Device 2-19 37
- 2-20 Managing the Device 38
- WAN Configuration 39
- About the CSX400 40
- CSX WPIMs 41
- 3-4 CSX WPIMs 42
- WAN Logical View 43
- Changing WAN Logical Settings 44
- WAN Logical View 3-7 45
- 3-8 WAN Logical View 46
- About Transparent Bridging 48
- About Source Route Bridging 48
- Bridging Basics 4-3 49
- 4-4 Bridging Basics 50
- Bridging Basics 4-5 51
- The Bridge Status Window 54
- The Bridge Status Window 4-9 55
- 4-10 The Bridge Status Window 56
- The Bridge Status Window 4-11 57
- 4-12 The Bridge Status Window 58
- The Bridge Status Window 4-13 59
- Bridge Statistics 61
- 4-16 Bridge Statistics 62
- Bridge Statistics 4-17 63
- 4-18 Bridge Statistics 64
- Bridge Statistics 4-19 65
- 4-20 Bridge Statistics 66
- Bridge Statistics 4-21 67
- 4-22 Bridge Statistics 68
- The CSMACD Statistics Window 69
- 4-24 Bridge Statistics 70
- Bridge Statistics 4-25 71
- 4-26 Bridge Statistics 72
- Bridge Statistics 4-27 73
- 4-28 Bridge Statistics 74
- Bridge Statistics 4-29 75
- 4-30 Bridge Statistics 76
- Bridge Statistics 4-31 77
- Source Route Statistics 78
- Bridge Statistics 4-33 79
- 4-34 Bridge Statistics 80
- Bridge Spanning Tree 81
- Bridge Level Fields 82
- Bridge Spanning Tree 4-37 83
- Bridge Port Level Fields 84
- Bridge Spanning Tree 4-39 85
- 4-40 Bridge Spanning Tree 86
- Bridge Spanning Tree 4-41 87
- Filtering Database 88
- Filtering Database 4-43 89
- 4-44 Filtering Database 90
- Filtering Database 4-45 91
- 4-46 Filtering Database 92
- Filtering Database 4-47 93
- 4-48 Filtering Database 94
- Bridging 100
- Changing the Receive Ports 101
- Source Route Configuration 103
- Information on Source Routing 104
- Making and Setting Changes 109
- Setting the Aging Time 111
- Duplex Modes 112
- The Duplex Modes Window 113
- 4-68 Duplex Modes 114
- Duplex Modes 4-69 115
- SONET Port Configuration 120
- SONET Port Configuration 4-75 121
- SONET/SDH Statistics Window 122
- 4-78 SONET Port Configuration 124
- SONET Port Configuration 4-79 125
- 4-80 SONET Port Configuration 126
- SONET Port Configuration 4-81 127
- Token Ring Bridge Mode 129
- Defining the Bridge Modes 130
- Defining the Bridge Method 136
- Setting the Bridge Method 137
- Configuring SmartTrunking 142
- Configuring SmartTrunking 4-97 143
- 4-98 Configuring SmartTrunking 144
- Configuring SmartTrunking 4-99 145
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